At the turn of the twentieth century, psychologists believed that motivated behavior was caused by instincts, specific inborn, inflexible, goal-directed behavior that is characteristic of an entire species. The problems with this theory, however, were that psychologists could not agree on what the basic instincts were, and instincts cannot explain learned behaviors.
Drives are states of tension that occur when our bodies are deficient in some ways. These drives are compelled by needs that are inherently biological - either cellular or bodily needs.
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